KEY IDEA: Temperature and pressure induce changes in the state of substances.
- The physical state of matter - solid, liquid, gas - is an everyday example of the organization of subatomic particles.
- Changes in state of matter (freezing, boiling, condensation, etc.) involves a rearrangement of the particles.
Properties of Solutions
Recall... mixtures are physical blends of substances. If the mixture appears as one distinct phase, it is homogenous.
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute dissolved in another substance, called the solvent. The solvent does the dissolving.
Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas.
Solute
Gas Liquid Solid Gas Liquid Solid Gas Liquid Solid |
Solvent
Gas Gas Gas Liquid Liquid Liquid Solid Solid Solid |
Example
Atmospheric air Fog (water in air) Smog (air pollution) Carbonated water Alcohol in water Aqueous NaCl solution (saline) Hydrogen in palladium Mineral in paraffin Alloys, dental fillings |
Salt in water form electrolytes; when dissolving, salts dissociate into ions.
Glucose (sugar) readily dissolves in water, but does not dissociate into ions in solution. It is referred to as a non-electrolyte.